Water when heated EXPANDS THUS causing a rise in Pressure (Pressure temperature relationship)
the “expansion tank allows for the safe expansion of the water .
there are basically two types of “expansion tanks”
One is the air filled one and the other has a bldder inside the tank that expands and contracts as the water is heated and cools down.
The air type can become water loggesd BUT is servicable the bladder type can rupture and must be replaced.
These tanks are sized the gallons in the system TA DUM SylvanLMP